DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, we know that biological cells contain a large number of important biological macromolecules, basically one of them is a nucleic acid. DNA is a long polymer composed of repeating nucleotide units and is also a kind of nucleic acid. DNA carries the genetic information necessary for RNA and protein synthesis, and it is an indispensable macromolecule for biological development and normal operation. Before the cell divides, DNA replicates the genetic information of the organism during the replication process. Because it contains complete genetic information, people continue to study it.

At first, when people did not have the concept of DNA, the Swiss biochemist Friedrich Michelle had already separated this substance from the pus of the surgical bandage. But it was not called DNA at the time, but because this microscopic substance was located in the nucleus of the cell, it was called nuclear protein by everyone. It was more than 150 years ago. After this incident, people are just like opening the door to a new world, and a group of scientists is devoted to the study of genes.

After 90 years of exploration, Matthew Mercerson and Franklin Starr confirmed the replication mechanism possessed by DNA in the experiment and inspired the later Creek team to conclude that the genetic code is composed of three The bases are composed in a non-repetitive manner and are called codons. Later, some scientists solved the genetic code formed by these codons in 1961. Therefore, modern gene sequencing projects have also gradually begun.

Current research results divide DNA into three types: single-stranded DNA, closed-loop DNA, and junk DNA. Among them, single-stranded DNA has been studied more, and sequencing methods and technological methods are also more diversified. However, there has been little research on circular DNA, because the lack of effective methods for research and sequencing has hindered progress in this area.

It is understood that circular DNA is very common in the genomes of bacteria and viruses. Circular DNA refers to a closed circular DNA structure located outside the chromosome. Compared with free linear DNA, this circular DNA is not easily degraded by nucleases and is more structurally stable. Moreover, circular DNA is also widely present in various eukaryotes, including humans, with high tissue and disease specificity.

Recently, scientists have discovered a large amount of circular DNA in the nucleus of humans and plants, and also found this circular DNA in cancer cells that are not valued by people. After inferred by experts, it may even be able to reproduce rapidly with cancer cells. There is a certain correlation. Although the traditional view has always been that eukaryotic genomes usually form stable linear chromosomes, new research shows that whether in normal somatic cells or cancer cells, there is a large amount of extrachromosomal circular DNA, and even more, genetic information is stored.

Based on this, scientists have begun to investigate the role of circular DNA in cancer in recent years and overcome their sequencing technology difficulties. Kung Fu takes no pains. According to the physicist organization network, on May 14, a Canadian biologist invented a new tool called CIDER-Seq, which can sequence circular DNA. In fact, they designed a new algorithm based on the knowledge of molecular biology and bioinformatics and used this algorithm to obtain the complete sequence of circular DNA in the experiment. This technique has now been published by researchers on the Internet for other scientists to analyze circular DNA sequences.

This time, the new tool breaks through the original technical difficulties in circular DNA sequencing, or it will provide scientists with more abundant and accurate data for future research. Because the research also shows that many viruses infected with crops have circular DNA, this new technology can also bring benefits to agricultural development. Not only that, but the expanded field of circular DNA research is also expected to promote research on viruses, agriculture, and even cancer.

As we all know, now is the era of rapid development of biology. As a major hot spot in biology, DNA sequencing technology is still relentlessly updated to help scientists dig out more secrets from DNA sequences. As Craig Venter, a well-known expert in human genome research and the chief scientist of Celera Corporation of America said: The meaning of deciphering the genome code is just like in the era when electricity was just discovered, no one can imagine a personal computer, the Internet same. I believe that in the future, the development and progress of sequencing technology can improve people's quality of life to a higher level.

The fires in Australia, the locust plague in East Africa, and the new crown virus swept the world... After many hardships in 2020, looking back at the opening remarks of Wandering Earth, it seems like a god's prophecy.

"These events are interrelated and closely related to the reduction of the earth's biodiversity." On May 24th, in a video connection across the ocean, Harris Lee, a member of the World Association of Top Scientists (WLA), a recipient of the 2011 Wolf Prize for Agriculture, and professor of evolution and ecology at the University of California, Harris Li Wen tells us.

Professor Li Wen proposed a large scientific project that he named "Earth Biogenome Project" (EBP's Earth Biogenome Project).

This 10-year, costing 5 billion US dollars, sequence, classify and classify the genomes of all 1.5 million known eukaryotes on the planet, will draw a DNA map of all living things on the planet, which is equivalent to Built the Earth Biology Library.

This research may lead to changes in medical treatment methods, solve the problem of global hunger, and create a new "Silicon Valley of Agricultural Science and Biotechnology" in the human backyard. Because of its groundbreaking and importance, EBP is known as the "Moon Landing Plan" of the biological world, and Professor Li Wen has also been rated as a "The Whole World Cataloger" by foreign media.

On May 22, on the 21st International Biodiversity Day, the United Nations announced this year's theme as "Nature, Life for All" (in the natural world). During this period, Professor Li Wen accepted our exclusive interview about the conservation and protection of biodiversity. The future of humanity and the current status of EBP projects and their long-term significance to biodiversity. At the same time, he also shared the current challenges of biology to the popularization of new crowns, and how the EBP project can help new crown pneumonia.

In April 2018, Professor Li Wen was in the Life Science Building at the University of California, Davis. He stood beside the 1998 sculpture by Clarksburg artist Roger Berry, which depicts a DNA sequence.

The unprecedented speed of global species extinction

Biodiversity (English: Biodiversity or Biological Diversity) is a broad concept that describes the degree of diversity in nature.

Although different scholars have different interpretations of biodiversity, it is undeniable that biodiversity resources are an important foundation for us to build civilization. Biological diversity is closely related to the food, therapeutic drugs, and quality of life on which we depend.

According to information published by the United Nations, the needs of at least 40% of the world’s economy and 80% of the world’s poor people come from biological resources. Most of the food, medicines, and raw materials needed for daily production and life are obtained from living things.

Biodiversity maintains ecological balance and maintains environmental stability; biodiversity is also an important object and driving force for human scientific research. In addition, the richer the diversity of life, the greater the chance of discovering new challenges such as drugs, economic development, and adaptation to climate change.

However, today's biodiversity is facing greater trouble than at any time in human history.

In 2019, the United Nations Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) released the "Global Natural State Assessment" report. The report points out that of the 8 million species in the world, 1 million are threatened with extreme extinction due to human activities. The average rate of global extinction is tens to hundreds of times higher than in the past 10 million years.

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said that as we humans invade nature and consume important habitats for animals and plants, more and more species are being put at risk. This also includes our humanity and the future we hope for.

Rapid tooling is a combination of conventional tooling methods and rapid prototyping techniques to create molds faster. With this process, it cuts the time and the cost of producing a mold, ensuring that the product gets into production quicker and reach the market over its competition.

There are many types of rapid prototyping methods available in the market that can help the design team to perfect their product before reaching its customers. But among them, rapid tooling is the frequent choice because of its benefits.

It’s no wonder why because this mold tooling technique is a great way to get the parts inexpensively and quickly. In other words, rapid tooling is the best for making fast and cost-effective molds. Want to know more why rapid tooling is the go-to technique? Read this article to find out.

The Advantages of Rapid Tooling

Before we go to the discussion of why rapid tooling is beneficial for different industries, let’s take a look at the reason why it is essential.

It does not only create a product mold in quickly, but it also helps the designer to take things in the right direction. When the time between the initial design and the prototype is shorter, designers will have the opportunity to analyze it in a real environment. It will give them an idea if they have chosen the right material for the product and if certain parts are viable to serve its purpose.

One of the biggest challenges in production is when the design imperfection is discovered too late, when it is already in the production phase or when the mold is near its completion. Significant faults can have a substantial financial impact on the company. Rapid tooling helps address this issue as the design flaws can be detected earlier.

Lower Cost

The lower the cost of raw materials, the lower the production cost is. And if you are using these molds for your products, you can sell the products without sacrificing its quality and profit. There is a direct domino effect in using rapid tooling; your products can be more saleable to your customers. With cheaper but high-quality products, you can face your competitions and win.

Versatility

When you have an accurate and precise process, you can produce more parts with a wide range of materials. And the good news is that even if the molds are produced faster through rapid tooling, it can have the same quality as traditional molds but not expensive. It does not affect the strength, color, and surface finishing at all.

Product Consistency

Remember that it uses digital processes and using the same prototype or file can lower the chance of errors and inconsistencies. It speeds up the process even more and produces more products of the same.

You can have more process options with rapid tooling. And that is good news if you want to present more products to your customers. In rapid tooling, you can choose between low volume production for tens to hundreds of parts. Or the intermediate volume processing that can produce hundreds to thousands in quantities. Each has its own set of mold-making processes that enables you to have more options to choose from.

Lastly, It can help your business through bridge production. It refers to a method where you can create a product in small batches and release it to your market before going to full production. It is beneficial to your business because you can introduce the product earlier and gain profit from it before producing the rest.

If there are design flaws, you can correct them before going into mass production. You cannot fix the deficiencies once it is with your customers. Instead, it will create a wrong impression and will be costly for your business.

What’s In Store for Rapid Tooling?

With rapid tooling opening new doors for options in developing parts and products, many companies are investing in technologies that will allow them to create products on demand. The days of conventional tooling are outnumbered with the efficiency and swift delivery of parts.

Because it has reached the domestic level, meaning people can now handle CNC machining tasks even in their garage. The end product has almost the same precision as big manufacturers and workshops.

If you can use these industry-grade materials for your projects, imagine the limitless possibilities it presents to individuals with knowledge and ideas on manufacturing methods. Rapid tooling has made prototyping more accessible.

Companies should not delay their rapid tooling initiatives, or else they will be left out by their competition. Today’s issue is no longer about price and quality, as there are answers to that. What is more pressing is speed, as every industry is focused on delivering results faster. And rapid tooling can help them meet the requirements of the customers to gain a competitive edge.

Die casting mold from CHT Die Casting and Machining utilizes aluminum and zinc alloys to produce small to large run part identical castings for your manufacturing needs. Die cast mold development is a versatile process that enables the production of a large quantity of small to medium-size castings.

Contact us for more information regarding die cast molds manufacturing processes or call us at 510-523-2541 and we will be happy to assist you with any questions that you may have regarding die cast molds and numerous die cast molds processes.

Die Cast Mold Manufacturing Processes

Die casting is a manufacturing process that is commonly used for producing accurately dimensioned, sharply defined, smooth, or textured surface metal parts. It is accomplished by forcing molten metal under high pressure into reusable metal dies. The die casting molds process follows the subsequent procedures regarding die cast mold manufacturing:

• A mold is created in at least two sections to allow the proper removal of the casting.
• The sections are mounted securely within the machine and are arranged so that one is stationary while the other is moveable.
• The two are tightly clamped together.
• Molten metal is injected into the die cavity where it quickly solidifies.
• The die halves are drawn apart and the casting is ejected.

When compared with sand or permanent mold processes, HPDC (High Pressure Die Casting) is the fastest method in the industry for producing highly precise non-ferrous metal parts.

Die Cast Mold Benefits

There are numerous advantages regarding the usage of die casting (or HPDC) process. At CHT Die Casting, we can provide you with die cast molds that match your design specifications. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of the HPDC molds process include the following:

Die Casting Molds Advantages

• Net shape part configuration is achievable
• High dimensional accuracy is achievable
• Fast production
• Thinner walls are achievable when compared to investment and sand castings
• Wide range of possible shapes
• External threads can be casted
• Steel inserts can be over-molded
• Holes can be cored to internal tap drill size

Die Casting Molds Disadvantages

• A relatively large production volume is required to make the process cost-effective. (However, CHT would work with customers ways to mitigate this shortcoming.)
• High initial cost (tool, set up)
• Minimum wall thickness: 0.040"
• Maximum wall thickness: 0.200". In some cases, acceptable up to 0.50"
• Draft radius and fillets required on the casting
• Potential porosity issue

Die Cast Mold Material Options

CHT Die Casting and Machining offers to die casting dies for aluminum and zinc alloys: P-20, H-11, H-13, Premium Grade H13 (per NADCA No.229), Superior Grade H13 (per NADCA No. 229), or other grades as defined in NADCA No. 229. Additionally, CHT will guarantee 1 million shots tool life for tool making parts from zinc ZAMAK alloys and 100K shots tool life for tooling making parts from aluminum alloys.

We are frequently asked how we manufacture injection mold, and more specifically how do we do it. To answer this, it helps to put our services into context. The cost and time required to produce traditional high-volume production injection mold tooling are a consequence of needing to maximize productivity and minimize per part costs for large production volumes. Very high volumes and high production rates dictate hardened steel tooling with full automation, multiple cavities, and advanced runner and cooling systems. Such tools are complex, time-consuming to produce and test, and even more difficult to modify once in operation. However, when the customer requires a few hundred injections molded components on a tight delivery schedule, and the rate of production is not required to be high, a completely different mold production approach can be employed.

Understanding customer requirements are the foundation for every successful injection mold project

From the very outset of every client engagement, we strive to understand the full context of the project we are producing molded components for, to be sure we are addressing the customer’s primary needs, and are making the best decisions for the mold design. For example:

• What is the end-use of the product?
• What do the components we are molding do?
• Will components be used for form, fit, function testing?
• Is the project only a model for a coming trade show?
• Are the components intended as end-use production parts?
• How was the requested material chosen and what were the requirements?
• Do the components need to have a high-quality surface finish or special texture?
• Will the customer need 25 components in a few days or 250,000 over the next few months?

Understanding and acting on the answers to each of these questions are the foundation of a successful injection molding project.

Translating requirements into fast action

Once we have gathered the requisite contextual information, our engineering and design team initiate an extremely tightly managed process of converting requirements and 3D CAD data into a mold proposal. Even at this early stage, the project is already being managed by our proprietary design to assure efficient execution at every stage downstream. This is essential, in that it assures that everything quoted can be designed, machined, and molded efficiently to meet our very short delivery timelines. Mold design engineers take into consideration the specific characteristics of the molded polymer, the required production volume and rate, and the per-part cost objectives of the customer.

Form follows function when designing an injection mold

Even within the sub-category of prototype and low volume injection molding, there are many choices to be made on specifically how each mold is to function. In the case of very simple low volume components in a forgiving material, the mold would be a simple single cavity open and close design. When undercuts are required the designer will consider current and future production volumes to decide if the tool will be automated or include hand-loaded inserts for these features. The use of hand-loaded inserts reduces the cost and production time of the mold but generally increases the per-part cost due to the manual tending of the molding machine. Finally, in the case of complex geometries, including inserts and over-molded features in multiple materials, the full spectrum of design concepts will be deployed to balance product needs with cost and delivery time constraints.

Design validation in electrons, not metal

Following initial mold design, our team performs mold flow analysis to reduce the likelihood of problems in the molding process. Depending on the complexity of the molded component, this can be a simple filling simulation all the way to complex warpage and shrinkage analysis, fiber orientation estimates for filled polymers, and other factors. Catching issues and collaborating closely with our clients at this stage to resolve potential problems leads to better products and higher on-time-delivery rates. Although we are quite nimble in rectifying problems that arise in the molding process, it is far easier and more efficient to do this when the mold is still in CAD and not in the press. Ultimately the completed mold design is reviewed with the client for approval prior to production.

Preparing for production

Once the mold design is complete, the process starts to really accelerate. The individual components of the mold (core, cavity, inserts, actions, ejector pins, etc.) are designated for their respective manufacturing process: CNC machining, EDM (electrical discharge machining), grinding, and manual machining.

The expert finishing touches complete the injection mold build process

Production of high-quality injection molds will always demand the personal attention of expert mold makers. At CHT we have a team of highly talented and hugely experienced mold makers who finish and test every mold to assure proper functioning of the mold and to achieve the desired surface finish of the molded components. This is part engineering and part artistry and cannot be rushed. So, all of the efficiency we build into the prior mold production steps assures that this team has enough time to do the mold finishing process properly. Naturally we do everything possible to maximize the mold surface finish quality coming out of CNC and EDM so that manual finishing or laser texturing is less difficult. Finally, the various components of the mold are all brought together in the assembly department where the functional mold is built up and tested prior to delivery to the molding department.